Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

in the field of chemistry

Толкование Перевод

1 scientists and specialists in the field of spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, chemistry of solutions and solids

Макаров: научные работники и специалисты в области спектроскопии, аналитической химии, химии растворов и твёрдых тел

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > scientists and specialists in the field of spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, chemistry of solutions and solids
2 terreno

adj.

earthly, worldly.

m.

1 lot, terrain, land, patch.

2 soil, ground.

3 terrain, ground.

* * *

terreno

► adjetivo

1 worldly, earthly

► nombre masculino terreno

1 (tierra) land, piece of land, ground; (solar) plot, site

2 GEOGRAFÍA terrain

3 AGRICULTURA (de cultivo) soil; (campo) field

4 DEPORTE field, ground

5 figurado (esfera de acción) field, sphere

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ceder terreno figurado to give way

conocer el terreno figurado to be familiar with something

estar en su propio terreno figurado to be on home ground

ganar terreno / perder terreno to gain ground / lose ground

hacer algo sobre el terreno to do something on the spot 2 figurado to improvise something

saber uno el terreno que pisa figurado to know what one's doing

preparar el terreno figurado to pave the way, prepare the ground

ser terreno abonado (para algo) figurado to be receptive (to something)

terreno conocido figurado familiar ground

————————

terreno

► nombre masculino

1 (tierra) land, piece of land, ground; (solar) plot, site

2 GEOGRAFÍA terrain

3 AGRICULTURA (de cultivo) soil; (campo) field

4 DEPORTE field, ground

5 figurado (esfera de acción) field, sphere

* * *

noun m.

1) terrain

2) ground, land

3) plot

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (Rel) [bienes] earthly

esta vida terrena — this earthly life liter

2) (Bio, Geol) terrestrial

2. SM

1) (=extensión de tierra) [gen] land; (=parcela) piece of land, plot of land

30 hectáreas de terreno — 30 hectares of land

es terreno municipal — it is council land

los terrenos pertenecientes al museo — the land belonging to the museum

vender unos terrenos — to sell some land

nos hemos comprado un terreno en las afueras — we've bought a piece of land o plot of land o some land on the outskirts of the city

el terreno que antes ocupaba la fábrica — the site the factory used to be on

2) [explicando sus características] (=relieve) ground, terrain; (=composición) soil, land

los accidentes del terreno — the unevenness of the ground o terrain

un terreno pedregoso — stony ground o terrain

estamos sobre un terreno arenoso — we're on sandy soil o land

vehículos todo terreno — all-terrain vehicles

3) (=campo)

a) [de estudio] field

en el terreno de la química — in the field of chemistry

ese no es mi terreno — that's not my field

b) [de actividad] sphere, field

el gobierno debe tomar medidas urgentes en el terreno económico — the government must take urgent measures in the economic sphere o field

la competencia de las empresas extranjeras en todos los terrenos — competition from foreign companies in all areas

en cuanto a las pensiones, se ha avanzado poco en este terreno — as for pensions, little progress has been made in this area

este caso entra en el terreno militar — this case is a military matter

4)

- ceder terreno

- pisar terreno firme

- ganar terreno

- perder terreno

- saber o conocer el terreno que se pisa

- preparar el terreno

- vencer a algn en su propio terreno

- recuperar terreno

- sobre el terreno

analizarán la situación sobre el terreno — they will analyse the situation on the ground

resolveremos el problema sobre el terreno — we will solve the problem as we go along

terreno abonado —

es terreno abonado para el vicio — it is a breeding ground for vice

dichas tendencias han encontrado el terreno abonado entre la juventud — these trends have found a fertile breeding ground amongst the young

este país es terreno abonado para las inversiones extranjeras — this country provides rich pickings for foreign investment

- llamar a algn a terreno

terreno de pruebas — testing-ground

5) (Dep)

empataron en su terreno — they drew at home

perdieron en su propio terreno — they lost on their home ground

el equipo tuvo una nueva derrota fuera de su terreno — the team suffered a fresh defeat away (from home)

terreno de juego — pitch, field

* * *
I
- na adjetivo

a) (Relig) earthly

b) ( no marino o aéreo) terrestrial (frml), land (before n)
II
masculino

1) (lote, parcela) plot of land, lot (AmE)

heredó unos terrenos en Sonora — she inherited some land in Sonora

un terreno plantado de viñas — a field planted with vines

el terreno cuesta tanto como la casa — the land costs as much as the house

el terreno llega hasta el río — the land o plot o lot extends as far as the river

- terreno de juego

2) ( extensión de tierra) land

una casa con mucho terreno — a house with a lot of land

3)

a) (Geog) ( refiriéndose al relieve) terrain; ( refiriéndose a la composición) land, soil

allanarle el terreno a alguien — to smooth the way o path for somebody

ceder/ganar/perder terreno — to give/gain/lose ground

estar en su (propio) terreno — to be on one's own ground

minarle or socavarle el terreno a alguien — to cut the ground from under somebody's feet

pisar terreno firme/peligroso — to tread on safe/dangerous ground

prepararle el terreno a alguien/algo — to pave the way for somebody/something

recuperar terreno — to recover lost ground

sobre el terreno: estudiar sobre el terreno una situación to make an on-the-spot assessment of a situation; haremos planes sobre el terreno we'll plan things as we go along; tantear el terreno — to see how the land lies

b) (Geol) terrane, terrain

- terreno abonado or propicio

- terreno conocido

4) (esfera, campo de acción) sphere, field

en el terreno laboral — at work

en el terreno de las artes — in the arts

* * *

(n.) = arena, land, turf, terrain, land area, ground, plot of land, piece of land

Ex. This shifts the responsibility for headings and their arrangement into the arena of cataloguers and indexers.

Ex. Until recently all libraries and some architects have maintained that an academic library should be capable of extension and that land should be reserved for future expansion.

Ex. Librarians are losing the war for electronic professional turf.

Ex. These surveyors reported on terrain character and presence of wood, water and forage, and studied Indian tribal customs and languages.

Ex. Over 17% of Botswana's land area has been set-aside as national parks and game reserves.

Ex. A profile is a scale representation of the intersection of a vertical surface with the surface of the ground.

Ex. The core of readers and borrowers of agricultural literature are pensioners wanting to improving cultivation of their small private plots of land.

Ex. So it is important that every piece of land is divided by a boundary to show the demarcation.

* * *
I
- na adjetivo

a) (Relig) earthly

b) ( no marino o aéreo) terrestrial (frml), land (before n)
II
masculino

1) (lote, parcela) plot of land, lot (AmE)

heredó unos terrenos en Sonora — she inherited some land in Sonora

un terreno plantado de viñas — a field planted with vines

el terreno cuesta tanto como la casa — the land costs as much as the house

el terreno llega hasta el río — the land o plot o lot extends as far as the river

- terreno de juego

2) ( extensión de tierra) land

una casa con mucho terreno — a house with a lot of land

3)

a) (Geog) ( refiriéndose al relieve) terrain; ( refiriéndose a la composición) land, soil

allanarle el terreno a alguien — to smooth the way o path for somebody

ceder/ganar/perder terreno — to give/gain/lose ground

estar en su (propio) terreno — to be on one's own ground

minarle or socavarle el terreno a alguien — to cut the ground from under somebody's feet

pisar terreno firme/peligroso — to tread on safe/dangerous ground

prepararle el terreno a alguien/algo — to pave the way for somebody/something

recuperar terreno — to recover lost ground

sobre el terreno: estudiar sobre el terreno una situación to make an on-the-spot assessment of a situation; haremos planes sobre el terreno we'll plan things as we go along; tantear el terreno — to see how the land lies

b) (Geol) terrane, terrain

- terreno abonado or propicio

- terreno conocido

4) (esfera, campo de acción) sphere, field

en el terreno laboral — at work

en el terreno de las artes — in the arts

* * *

terreno¹

¹ = arena, land, turf, terrain, land area, ground, plot of land, piece of land.

Ex: This shifts the responsibility for headings and their arrangement into the arena of cataloguers and indexers.

Ex: Until recently all libraries and some architects have maintained that an academic library should be capable of extension and that land should be reserved for future expansion.

Ex: Librarians are losing the war for electronic professional turf.

Ex: These surveyors reported on terrain character and presence of wood, water and forage, and studied Indian tribal customs and languages.

Ex: A profile is a scale representation of the intersection of a vertical surface with the surface of the ground.

Ex: The core of readers and borrowers of agricultural literature are pensioners wanting to improving cultivation of their small private plots of land.

Ex: So it is important that every piece of land is divided by a boundary to show the demarcation.

* andar por terreno peligroso = skate + on thin ice, tread on + dangerous ground.

* andar por terreno resbaladizo = skate + on thin ice, tread on + dangerous ground.

* caer en terreno baldío = fall on + barren ground, fall on + fallow ground.

* caer en terreno pedregoso = fall on + stony ground.

* ceder terreno = yield + ground, lose + ground.

* con terrenos cedidos por el gobierno = land grant [land-grant].

* en terreno conocido = on familiar grounds.

* en terreno peligroso = on shaky grounds.

* estar moviéndose en terreno seguro = be on secure ground.

* ganar terreno = gain + ground, make + headway.

* gestión de terrenos = land management.

* invadir el terreno (de Alguien) = encroach on/upon + Posesivo + domain.

* limpiar el terreno de árboles = clear + land.

* motocicleta todo terreno = dirt bike.

* moverse en terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.

* no ceder terreno = stand + Posesivo + ground.

* parcela de terreno = plot of land, piece of land.

* perder terreno = lose + ground.

* pisar terreno desconocido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head.

* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.

* preparar el terreno = pave + the way (for/towards/to), set + the scene, clear + the path, smooth + the way, set + the stage, pave + the path (for/towards/to), lay + the groundwork for, pave + the road (for/towards/to), clear + the way.

* preparar el terreno para = lead up to, smooth + the path of, clear + the ground for, fertilise + the ground for.

* prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.

* sobre el terreno = on the ground.

* tantear el terreno = put + feeler out, test + the water.

* terreno conocido = familiar grounds.

* terreno cultivable pequeño = croft.

* terreno de deportes = sport arena.

* terreno de juego = playing field, pitch.

* terreno de pruebas = testing ground.

* terreno desconocido = uncharted territory, uncharted waters, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.

* terreno elevado = high ground.

* terreno en construcción = building site.

* terreno firme = firm ground, safe ground, solid ground.

* terreno inhóspito = inhospitable terrain.

* terreno maderero = timberland.

* terreno nada fértil = stony ground.

* terreno neutral = neutral ground.

* terreno para construir = building site.

* terreno pedegroso = stony ground.

* terreno peligroso = on thin ice, slippery ground, on dangerous ground.

* terreno poco definido = grey area [gray area].

* terreno resbaladizo = on thin ice, slippery ground, on dangerous ground.

* terrenos = site, landed estate, grounds.

* terrenos de la finca = estate grounds.

* terreno seguro = safe ground, solid ground.

* terreno sin construir = vacant lot.

* terrenos sin construir = vacant land.

* vehículo todoterreno = all-terrain vehicle.

* vencer a Alguien en su propio terreno = beat + Nombre + at + Posesivo + own game.

terreno²

² = earthly [earthlier -comp., earthliest -sup.], worldly [worldlier -comp., worldliest -sup.].

Ex: After that I could never pass a dead man without stopping to gaze on his face, stripped by death of that earthly patina which masks the living soul.

Ex: There exist sets of duality in this philosophy; body versus soul, worldly versus unworldly and life versus salvation.

(n.) = arena, land, turf, terrain, land area, ground, plot of land, piece of land

Ex: This shifts the responsibility for headings and their arrangement into the arena of cataloguers and indexers.

Ex: Until recently all libraries and some architects have maintained that an academic library should be capable of extension and that land should be reserved for future expansion.

Ex: Librarians are losing the war for electronic professional turf.

Ex: These surveyors reported on terrain character and presence of wood, water and forage, and studied Indian tribal customs and languages.

Ex: Over 17% of Botswana's land area has been set-aside as national parks and game reserves.

Ex: A profile is a scale representation of the intersection of a vertical surface with the surface of the ground.

Ex: The core of readers and borrowers of agricultural literature are pensioners wanting to improving cultivation of their small private plots of land.

Ex: So it is important that every piece of land is divided by a boundary to show the demarcation.

* * *

terreno¹ -na

adjective

1 ( Relig) earthly

nuestra vida terrena our earthly life, our life on earth

2 (no marino o aéreo) terrestrial ( frml), land ( before n)

terreno²

masculine

A (lote, parcela) plot of land, lot ( AmE)

heredó unos terrenos en Sonora she inherited some land in Sonora

un terreno plantado de viñas a field o an area of land planted with vines

el terreno cuesta tanto como la casa the land costs as much as the house

quieren construir en esos terrenos they want to build on that land o site

el terreno llega hasta el río the land o plot o lot extends as far as the river

Compuesto:

terreno de juego

field, pitch ( BrE)

Escocia perdió frente a Gales en su propio terreno (de juego) Scotland lost at home to Wales, Scotland lost to Wales despite having home-field advantage ( AmE), Scotland lost to Wales on their home ground ( BrE)

B (extensión de tierra) land

compraron una casa con mucho terreno they bought a house with a lot of land

C

1 ( Geog) (refiriéndose al relieve) terrain; (refiriéndose a la composición) land, soil

un terreno montañoso mountainous terrain

los accidentes del terreno the features of the landscape o terrain

un terreno pantanoso marshy land, a marshy terrain

un terreno bueno para el cultivo del trigo good land o soil for growing wheat

allanarle el terreno a algn to smooth the way o path for sb

ceder/ganar/perder terreno to give/gain/lose ground

estar en su (propio) terreno to be on one's own ground

llamar a algn a terreno ( Chi fam); to pull sb up ( colloq)

minarle or socavarle el terreno a algn to cut the ground from under sb's feet

pisar terreno firme/peligroso to tread on safe/dangerous ground

prepararle el terreno a algn/algo to pave the way for sb/sth

recuperar terreno to recover lost ground

sobre el terreno: para estudiar sobre el terreno la situación to make an on-the-spot o an in situ assessment of the situation

iremos haciendo planes sobre el terreno we'll plan things as we go along

tantear el terreno to see how the land lies

2 ( Geol) terrane, terrain

Compuestos:

● terreno abonado or propicio

es terreno abonado or propicio para la delincuencia it is a breeding ground for crime

es un terreno abonado or propicio para la especulación it gives rise to a great deal of speculation

● terreno conocido

familiar ground

para él ya es terreno conocido he's on familiar ground, it's familiar ground to him

D (esfera, campo de acción) sphere, field

en el terreno laboral at work

ejerció una gran influencia en el terreno de las artes he was a major influence in the arts

* * *

terreno 1
◊ -na adjetivo (Relig) earthly

terreno 2 sustantivo masculino
1
a) (lote, parcela) plot of land, lot (AmE);

◊ heredó unos terrenos en Sonora she inherited some land in Sonora;

un terreno plantado de viñas a field planted with vines;
terreno de juego field, pitch
b) ( extensión de tierra) land;

◊ una casa con mucho terreno a house with a lot of land

2 (Geog) ( refiriéndose al relieve) terrain;
( refiriéndose a la composición) land, soil;
◊ un terreno fértil fertile land

3 (esfera, campo de acción) sphere, field;
◊ en el terreno político within the field of politics

terreno,-a
I adjetivo ➣ terrenal
II sustantivo masculino
1 Geol terrain
2 (extensión de tierra) (piece of) land, ground: quiere cultivar su terreno, he wants to cultivate his land
tiene un terreno en Valencia, he has land in Valencia
un terreno arenoso, a sandy soil
3 fig (campo de acción, investigación) field, sphere
4 Dep terreno (de juego), field, ground
♦ Locuciones: le gusta saber qué terreno pisa, he likes to know where he stands
ganar/perder terreno, to gain/lose ground
preparar el terreno, to prepare the ground
sobre el terreno, as one goes along
' terreno' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acotar
- adyacente
- allanar
- alta
- alto
- badén
- depresión
- elevación
- escabrosa
- escabroso
- finca
- grieta
- inclinación
- juego
- margen
- monte
- movediza
- movedizo
- nacional
- ondulada
- ondulado
- orientar
- parque
- pelada
- pelado
- pendiente
- polígono
- regar
- reseca
- reseco
- revalorizar
- salar
- salvaje
- sanear
- solar
- terrena
- terruño
- tierra
- triangular
- abrupto
- accidentado
- accidente
- adaptar
- agreste
- alameda
- altibajos
- anegar
- arbolado
- arenoso
- asentar
English:
dirt bike
- estate
- extend
- feeler
- flatten
- foresight
- gain
- gain on
- ground
- gulley
- gully
- ice
- jeep
- level
- lose
- lot
- out-of-bounds
- parcel
- patch
- pitch
- plot
- recreation ground
- rent
- rugged
- ruggedness
- scout
- spread
- stretch
- survey
- tenure
- terrain
- testing ground
- tract
- uneven
- unfold
- way
- area
- common
- country
- ease
- green
- mostly
- piece
- preserve
- property
- province
- reclaim
- site

* * *

terreno, -a

♦ adj
Formal [vida] earthly; [bienes, preocupaciones] worldly
♦ nm

1. [suelo] land;
[por su relieve] terrain; [por su composición, utilidad agrícola] soil;
grandes extensiones de terreno large tracts of land;

terreno montañoso/abrupto mountainous/rugged terrain;

terreno arenoso/volcánico sandy/volcanic soil;

el terreno era irregular the ground was uneven;

Comp

ser terreno abonado (para algo) to be fertile ground (for sth)

Comp
terreno agrícola farmland;
terreno cultivable arable land;

terreno edificable land suitable for development;

terreno rústico land unsuitable for development;

terreno urbanizable land suitable for development;

terreno no urbanizable land unsuitable for development

2. [parcela, solar] plot (of land);

tenemos unos terrenos en el pueblo we have some land in the village

3. [en deportes]
terreno (de juego) field, Br pitch;

los jugadores saltaron al terreno de juego the players came out onto the field o Br pitch

4. [ámbito] field;

en el terreno de la música/medicina in the field of music/medicine;

tiene muchos problemas en el terreno personal she has a lot of problems in her private life;

ha habido muchos avances en este terreno there have been considerable advances in this field

5. [territorio] ground;

estar o [m5] encontrarse en su propio terreno to be on home ground;

estar en o [m5]pisar terreno conocido/desconocido/firme to be on familiar/unfamiliar/solid ground;

llevar algo/a alguien a su terreno: sabe llevar las conversaciones a su terreno he knows how to steer conversations round to what interests him;

la campeona supo llevar a su terreno a la tenista holandesa the champion was able to impose her own terms on the Dutch player;

sabe llevar cualquier canción a su terreno he is capable of making any song his own;

Comp

ceder terreno to give ground;

Comp

ganar terreno to gain ground;

le está ganando terreno a su rival he's gaining ground on his rival;

Comp

perder terreno (ante alguien) to lose ground (to sb);

Comp

preparar el terreno (para algo/a alguien) to pave the way (for sth/sb);

Comp

reconocer o [m5] tantear el terreno to see how the land lies;

Comp

sabe el terreno que pisa she knows what she is about;

Comp

sobre el terreno: estudiar algo sobre el terreno to study something in the field;

resolveremos los problemas sobre el terreno we'll solve the problems as we go along

* * *

terreno

I adj earthly, worldly

II m land; fig

field;

un terreno a lot, Br a plot o

piece of land;

sobre el terreno in the field;

ganar/perder terreno fig gain/lose ground;

tantear el terreno fig see how the land lies;

llevar a alguien a su terreno get s.o. on one’s home ground;

pisar terreno resbaladizo fig be on slippery ground

* * *

terreno nm

1) : terrain

2) suelo: earth, ground

3) : plot, tract of land

4)

perder terreno : to lose ground

5)

preparar el terreno : to pave the way

* * *

terreno n

1. (tierra) land

van a construir en ese terreno they going to build on that land

Carlos se ha comprado un terreno Carlos has bought a piece of land

2. (de una actividad) field

el terreno de la literatura the field of literature

terreno de juego pitch

Spanish-English dictionary > terreno
3 hacer un esfuerzo

hacer un esfuerzo

(físico) to make an effort, exert oneself 2 (moral) to try hard, strive

* * *

(v.) = make + effort

Ex. For example, Chemical Abstracts makes an effort to cover dissertations of interest to the field of chemistry.

* * *

(v.) = make + effort

Ex: For example, Chemical Abstracts makes an effort to cover dissertations of interest to the field of chemistry.

Spanish-English dictionary > hacer un esfuerzo
4 realizar un esfuerzo

(v.) = put forth + effort, make + effort

Ex. Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.

Ex. For example, Chemical Abstracts makes an effort to cover dissertations of interest to the field of chemistry.

* * *

(v.) = put forth + effort, make + effort

Ex: Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.

Ex: For example, Chemical Abstracts makes an effort to cover dissertations of interest to the field of chemistry.

Spanish-English dictionary > realizar un esfuerzo
5 Malouin, Paul-Jacques

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

b. 29 June 1701 Caen, France

d. 3 January 1778 Versailles, France

[br]

French medical practitioner who suggested producing tin plate with zinc.

[br]

Setting out to study law, Malouin turned to scientific studies, settling in Paris to teach and practice medicine. He retained his scientific interest in the field of chemistry, producing memoirs on zinc and tin, and. as early as 1742 suggested that a type of tin plate might instead be produced with zinc. A method of zinc-coating hammered-iron saucepans was introduced briefly at Rouen in the early 1780s.

His contribution to early volumes of Diderot's Encyclopédie included those on "Alchemy", "Antimony", "Acid" and "Alkali". Malouin also applied his scientific knowledge to articles on milling and baking for the Academy in Descriptions des arts et métiers.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Elected to Academy 1742. FRS 1753.

Further Reading

Dumas, 1831, Treatise de chimie appliqué aux arts 3, 218.

J.R.Partington, 1961, A History of Chemistry, Vol. III (refers to Malouin's work in chemistry).

John Percy, 1864, Metallurgy: Iron and Steel, London: John Murray, 155 (provides brief references to his theories on zinc coatings).

See also: Craufurd, Henry William

JD

Biographical history of technology > Malouin, Paul-Jacques
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•
The compound is in considerable use as a catalyst.

•
In the field of organic chemistry the combustion reactions are of great utility.

•
Some of these solutions are commonly (or widely, or extensively) used, others are used very infrequently.

•
Extensive use is made of electric cables manufactured by...

•
Carbon steel is extensively (or heavily) used (or enjoys wide use) in...

•
Because of the widespread availability of ac power, ac motors are in common use.

•
This indicator is in general use.

•
Hard chrome plating is used extensively (or has found wide use) in engine repair work.

•
There are other abrasive materials whose use is widespread.

•
Ample (or Great, or Much) use is made of the laboratories at the mine.

•
There is wide use of Type 347 stainless steel.

•
Glass wool is widely used (or employed) as a filtering material.

•
The hack watch has a wide use in navigation.

•
Miniature cameras are much used (or are in wide use).

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > широко использоваться
7 Voelcker, John Christopher

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

[br]

b. 24 September 1822 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

d. 5 December 1884 England

[br]

German analytical chemist resident in England whose reports on feedstuffs and fertilizers had a considerable influence on the quality of these products.

[br]

The son of a merchant in the city of his birth, John Christopher had delicate health and required private tuition to overcome the loss of his early years of schooling. At the age of 22 he went to study chemistry at Göttingen University and then worked for a short time for Liebig at Giessen. In 1847 he obtained a post as Analyst and Consulting Chemist at the Agricultural Chemistry Association of Scotland's Edinburgh office, and two years later he became Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester, retaining this post until 1862. In 1855 he was appointed Chemist to the Bath and West Agricultural Society, and in that capacity organized lectures and field trials, and in 1857 he also became Consulting Chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Initially he studied the properties of farmyard manure and also the capacity of the soil to absorb ammonia, potash and sodium. As Consulting Chemist to farmers he analysed feedstuffs and manures; his assessments of artificial manures did much to force improvements in standards. During the 1860s he worked on milk and dairy products. He published the results of his work each year in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. In 1877 he became involved in the field trials initiated and funded by the Duke of Bedford on his Woburn farm, and he continued his association with this venture until his death.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS. Founder and Vice-President, Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1877. Member Chemical Society 1849; he was a member of Council as well as its Vice-President at the time of his death. Member of the Board of Studies, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester; Honorary Professor from 1882.

Bibliography

His papers are to be found in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, for which he began to write reports in 1855, and also in the Journal of the Bath and West Society.

Further Reading

J.H.Gilbert, 1844, obituary, Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, pp. 308–21 (a detailed account).

Sir E.John Russell, A History of Agricultural Science in Great Britain.

See also: Voelcker, John Augustus

AP

Biographical history of technology > Voelcker, John Christopher
8 domaine

domaine [dɔmεn]

masculine noun

a. ( = propriété) estate

• dans le domaine public/privé in public/private ownership

• ses œuvres sont maintenant dans le domaine public his works are now out of copyright

b. ( = sphère) field

• dans tous les domaines in every field

• c'est son domaine réservé it's his preserve

* * *
dɔmɛn
nom masculin

1) ( terres) estate

domaine vinicole — vineyards (pl)

2) ( spécialité) field, domain

dans le domaine financier — in the field of finance

3) (colloq) ( territoire)

le grenier c'est mon domaine (réservé) — the attic is my territory

4) Administration

le Domaine — state(-owned) property

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- domaine public

- domaine réservé

* * *
dɔmɛn nm
1) (= demeure et terrains) estate, property

Il possède un immense domaine en Normandie. — He owns a huge estate in Normandy.

le domaine réservé de qn fig — the preserve of sb

See:

domaine public,

domaine skiable,

domaine viticole

2) (de connaissance, scientifique) field

La chimie n'est pas mon domaine. — Chemistry's not my field.

le domaine de prédilection de qn — sb's special field

un domaine sensible — a sensitive area

dans le domaine social — in the social domain

dans le domaine de qch — in the field of sth

dans le domaine de l'environnement — in the environmental field

dans tous les domaines — in every field, in all areas

dans différents domaines — in different fields

dans de nombreux domaines — in several fields

dans les autres domaines — in other fields, in other areas

See:

domaine public

dans ce domaine comme dans d'autres,... — here as elsewhere,...

* * *

domaine

A nm

1 ( terres) estate; ils possèdent un vaste domaine dans le Sud-Ouest they own a large estate in the South West; domaine vinicole vineyards (pl);

2 ( spécialité) field, domain; dans le domaine financier/philosophique in the field of finance/philosophy; la mécanique, ce n'est pas mon domaine mechanics is not my field; dans tous les domaines in every field ou domain;

3 ○( territoire) l'atelier/le grenier c'est mon domaine (réservé) the workshop/the attic is my territory;

4 Admin le Domaine state(-owned) property; appartenir au Domaine to be owned by the State;

5 Ordinat domain; nom de domaine domain name.

B Domaines nmpl: government department which manages state-owned land and property.

Composés

domaine public public domain; tomber dans le domaine public Jur [œuvres d'art, invention] to be in the public domain; [[œuvre littéraire] to be out of copyright; domaine réservé Pol, Jur reserved domain.

[dɔmɛn] nom masculin

1. [propriété] estate, (piece of) property

mis en bouteille au domaine [dans le Bordelais] chateau-bottled

le domaine royal

a. ≃ Crown lands ou property

b. HISTOIRE [en France] the property of the Kings of France

domaine skiable area developed for skiing (within a commune or across several communes)

domaine vinicole domaine

2. [lieu préféré] domain

3. DROIT

le domaine State property

domaine privé private ownership

domaine public public ownership (of rights)

être dans le domaine public to be out of copyright

tomber dans le domaine public to come into the public domain

4. [secteur d'activité] field, domain, area

dans le domaine de la prévention, il y a encore beaucoup à faire as far as preventive action is concerned, there's still a lot to do

dans tous les domaines in every field ou domain

dans tous les domaines de la recherche in all research areas

[compétence, spécialité] field

l'art oriental, c'est son domaine she's a specialist in oriental art

l'électricité, c'est mon domaine I know quite a bit about electricity

5. [d'un dictionnaire] field

[indication] field label

6. MATHÉMATIQUES & INFORMATIQUE domain

————————

Domaines nom masculin pluriel

ADMINISTRATION

cet étang appartient aux Domaines this pond is State property

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > domaine
9 Mitscherlich, Alexander

SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing

[br]

b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germany

d. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany

[br]

German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.

[br]

Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.

The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.

[br]

Further Reading

H.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander
10 ciencia de los alimentos

(n.) = food science

Ex. The field of mycotoxins began as part of agriculture and then moved into the disciplines of chemistry, food science, medicine, microbiology and veterinary science = El campo de las micotoxinas empezó como parte de la agricultura y luego pasó a la química, la ciencia de los alimentos, la medicina, la microbiología y la veterinaria.

* * *

(n.) = food science

Ex: The field of mycotoxins began as part of agriculture and then moved into the disciplines of chemistry, food science, medicine, microbiology and veterinary science = El campo de las micotoxinas empezó como parte de la agricultura y luego pasó a la química, la ciencia de los alimentos, la medicina, la microbiología y la veterinaria.

Spanish-English dictionary > ciencia de los alimentos
11 micotoxina

f.

mycotoxin.

* * *

= mycotoxin.

Ex. The field of mycotoxins began as part of agriculture and then moved into the disciplines of chemistry, food science, medicine, microbiology and veterinary science = El campo de las micotoxinas empezó como parte de la agricultura y luego pasó a la química, la ciencia de los alimentos, la medicina, la microbiología y la veterinaria.

* * *

= mycotoxin.

Ex: The field of mycotoxins began as part of agriculture and then moved into the disciplines of chemistry, food science, medicine, microbiology and veterinary science = El campo de las micotoxinas empezó como parte de la agricultura y luego pasó a la química, la ciencia de los alimentos, la medicina, la microbiología y la veterinaria.

Spanish-English dictionary > micotoxina
12 Schrötter, Anton von

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

b. 26 November 1802 Olmütz, Austria (now Olomouc, Czech Republic)

d. 15 April 1875 Vienna, Austria

[br]

Austrian scientist known particularly for his discovery in 1845 of red phosphorus, which led to the later development of the safety match.

[br]

Anton von Schrötter was the son of an apothecary. At the age of 20 he began his studies at the University of Vienna, first in medicine but later in science and mathematics. He specialized in chemistry and then set up a laboratory in Graz. From 1843 he was a professor of chemistry at the Technische Hochschule in Vienna. Von Schrötter published many papers on various aspects of chemistry, particularly in the field of metallurgy, but it was his demonstration at the Vienna Academy in 1847, which showed that red phosphorus was truly an allotropie form of the element phosphorus, that made him best known. His suggestion that it would be advisable to use such amorphous phosphorus in match manufacture led to Lundström's later development of the safety match and ended the appalling toll that had long been taken on the health of match-factory workers, many of whom had suffered maiming and even death caused by white phosphorus entering the body via defective teeth when they sucked match-heads.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Académie Française Prix Montyon 1856. Légion d'Honneur at Paris Exhibition 1855. General Secretary, Vienna Academy of Sciences 1850–75.

Further Reading

Moritz Kohn, 1944, "The discovery of red phosphorus (1847)", Journal of Chemical Education 21.

1975, Dictionary of Science Biography, New York: Charles Scribner.

DY

Biographical history of technology > Schrötter, Anton von
13 alcanzar

v.

1 to catch up with (igualarse con).

¿a que no me alcanzas? bet you can't catch me!

Yo alcanzo a Ricardo I catch up with Richard.

2 to reach (llegar a).

alcanzar la meta to reach the finishing line

lo alcancé con una escalera I used a ladder to reach it

alcanzó la costa a nado he swam to the coast

este coche alcanza los 200 km/h this car can do up to o reach 200 km/h

el desempleo ha alcanzado un máximo histórico unemployment is at o has reached an all-time high

3 to achieve (lograr) (objetivo).

alcanzar la fama/el éxito to achieve fame/success

4 to hit.

le alcanzaron dos disparos he was hit by two shots

5 to reach up to, to reach, to reach at, to get at.

Yo alcanzo el techo I reach up to the ceiling.

6 to have enough.

Me alcanzó la gasolina I had enough gas.

7 to attain, to come to, to achieve, to get.

Alcanzo la felicidad I attain happiness.

8 to get to, to come up to, to come to.

Alcancé la frontera I got to the border.

9 to reach up for, to get.

Yo alcancé la caja sobre el armario I reached up for the box above the armoire.

10 to manage to, to be able to, to get to.

Mario alcanzó ver el ocaso Mario managed to see the sunset.

11 to be enough.

Alcanzó la comida There was enough food.

12 to fit.

Yo alcanzo I fit

13 to pass, to hand, to hand over.

María alcanzó la sal Mary passed the salt.

* * *

alcanzar

Conjugation model [ REALIZAR], like realizar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to reach

■ no alcanzo el libro I can't reach the book

2 (persona) to catch up, catch up with

■ los alcanzamos en la esquina we'll catch up with them at the corner

3 (pasar) to pass, hand over

■ alcánzame el agua pass me some water

4 (entender) to understand, grasp

5 (conseguir) to attain, achieve

■ alcanzamos los objetivos we achieved the goals

6 (golpear) to hit

■ el tiro la alcanzó en el pie the shot hit her in the foot

7 (afectar) to affect

■ eso no nos alcanza it doesn't affect us

► verbo intransitivo

1 (ser suficiente) to be sufficient ( para, for), be enough ( para, for), suffice ( para, for)

■ eso no alcanza para todos that's not enough for all of us

2 (ser capaz) to manage, succeed

■ no alcanzo a verlo I can't see it

* * *

verb

1) to reach

2) catch up with

3) achieve, attain

4) suffice, be enough

* * *

1. VT

1) [en carrera]

a) [+ persona] (=llegar a la altura de) to catch up (with)

la alcancé cuando salía por la puerta — I caught up with her o I caught her up just as she was going out of the door

están a punto de alcanzar al grupo de cabeza — they are about to catch (up with) the leading group

dentro de poco alcanzará a su padre en altura — he'll soon be as tall as his father

b) [+ ladrón, autobús, tren] to catch

no nos alcanzarán nunca — they'll never catch us

2) (=llegar a) [+ cima, límite, edad] to reach

por fin alcanzaron la cima — they finally reached the summit

alcanzó las cajas con un palo — she reached the boxes with a stick

puede alcanzar una velocidad de 200km/h — it can reach speeds of up to 200km/h

alcanzó el rango de general — he reached the rank of general

la producción ha alcanzado las 20 toneladas — production has reached 20 tons

el libro ha alcanzado ya las seis ediciones — the book is already in its sixth edition

las montañas alcanzan los 5.000m — the mountains rise to 5,000m

el termómetro llegó a alcanzar los cuarenta grados — temperatures rose as high as forty degrees

• alcanzar la mayoría de edad — to come of age

• alcanzó la orilla a nado — he made it to the shore by swimming, he swam back to the shore

• no llegó a alcanzar la pubertad — he never made it as far as puberty

3) (=conseguir) [+ acuerdo] to reach; [+ éxito, objetivo] to achieve

el acuerdo fue alcanzado tras muchos meses de conversaciones — the agreement was reached after many months of talks

las expectativas no se corresponden con los resultados alcanzados — the expectations are out of proportion with the results that have been achieved

• alcanzar la fama — to find fame, become famous

alcanzar la paz — to achieve peace

4) (=afectar) to affect

el cambio nos alcanzará a todos — the change will affect us all

una ley que alcanza sobre todo a los jubilados — a law which mainly affects o hits pensioners

5) [bala] to hit

uno de los dos disparos alcanzó al presidente — the president was hit by one of the two shots

la lancha fue alcanzada por un obús — the launch was hit by a shell

6) esp LAm (=dar) to pass

alcánzame la sal, por favor — could you pass (me) the salt, please?

¿me alcanzas las tijeras? — could you pass me the scissors?

7) * (=entender) to grasp, understand

no alcanza más allá de lo que le han enseñado — he's only capable of understanding what he's been taught

2. VI

1) (=llegar) to reach (a, hasta as far as)

no alcanzo — I can't reach

no alcanzaba al timbre — she couldn't reach (as far as) the doorbell

• hasta donde alcanza la vista — as far as the eye can see

2)

• alcanzar a hacer algo — to manage to do sth

no alcancé a verlo — I didn't manage to see him

no alcanzo a ver cómo pudo suceder — I can't see how it can have happened

no alcanzo a comprender sus razones — I just can't understand her reasons

3) (=ser suficiente) to be enough

• con dos botellas alcanzará para todos — two bottles will be enough for everyone

el sueldo no me alcanza para nada — I can't make ends meet on my salary

¿te alcanza para el tren? — esp LAm have you got enough money for the train?

4) LAm (=ascender)

¿a cuánto alcanza todo? — how much does it all come to?

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < persona> ( llegar a la altura de) to catch up with, to catch... up (BrE); (pillar, agarrar) to catch

lo alcancé en la curva — I caught up with him on the bend

a que no me alcanzas! — I bet you can't catch me! (colloq)

b) (en tarea, estatura) to catch up with

2) ( llegar a) < lugar> to reach, get to; <temperatura/nivel/edad> to reach

a pesar del tráfico alcancé el avión — despite the traffic I managed to catch the plane

casi no alcanzo el tren — I almost missed the train

lo alcancé con un palo — I used a pole to get at it o reach it

estos árboles alcanzan una gran altura — these trees can reach o grow to a great height

alcanza una velocidad de... — it reaches a speed of...

alcanza enormes distancias — it covers vast distances

alcanzar la mayoría de edad — to come of age

3) (conseguir, obtener) <objetivo/éxito> to achieve; < acuerdo> to reach

se pretende alcanzar los 100 millones de pesos — they are hoping to reach a target of 100 million pesos

4) (acercar, pasar)

alcanzarle algo a alguien — to pass somebody something, to pass something to somebody

¿me alcanzas el libro? — could you pass me the book?

5)

a) bala/misil to hit

fue alcanzado por un misil — it was hit by a missile

b) ( afectar) to affect

la medida ha alcanzado a la clase trabajadora — the measure has affected the working classes
2.
alcanzar vi

1) ( llegar)

está muy alto, no alcanzo — it's too high, I can't reach it

hasta donde alcanzaba la vista — as far as the eye could see

alcanzar a + inf — to manage to + inf

no alcanzó a terminar — she didn't manage to finish

hasta donde alcanzo a ver — as far as I can see

2) ( ser suficiente) comida/provisones to be enough

el sueldo no le alcanza — he can't manage on his salary

me alcanzará hasta final de mes — it will see me through to the end of the month

con una limpiadita, alcanza — just a quick clean will do

* * *

= attain, gain, reach, run to, catch up with, reach for.

Ex. A fully comparative account of recommendations for filing orders is likely to prove confusing until the reader has attained some familiarity with the general problems, and the solutions offered by one code.

Ex. To many, therefore, this emphasis on information can provide a much-needed opportunity to gain the public library new influence and respect.

Ex. This is in part due to the different stages of development reached by different libraries.

Ex. Obviously a book on the chemistry of mercury which runs to 200 pages will give less detail than one which runs to 600 pages.

Ex. The information centre is now catching up with the belief of its 1984 architect that it would be an electronic library.

Ex. She said that a man came in with a ski mask on but that she was able to scare him away when she reached for a baseball bat.

----

* alcanzar a ver = glimpse.

* alcanzar + Cantidad = run into + Cantidad.

* alcanzar cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights.

* alcanzar dimensiones épicas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar el culmen de = reach + the pinnacle of, reach + the height of.

* alcanzar el destino de Uno = reach + Posesivo + destination.

* alcanzar el estrellato = rise to + stardom, reach + stardom.

* alcanzar el límite de = reach + the limits of.

* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + posibilidades = reach + the limits of + Posesivo + potential.

* alcanzar el máximo = reach + a head.

* alcanzar el momento cumbre = reach + summit.

* alcanzar el punto crítico = come to + a head.

* alcanzar el punto culminante = climax.

* alcanzar el punto de ebullición = reach + boiling point.

* alcanzar el punto más álgido = peak, come into + full bloom.

* alcanzar la cifra de = total.

* alcanzar la cumbre de = reach + the pinnacle of, reach + the height of.

* alcanzar la cúspide de = reach + the pinnacle of, reach + the height of.

* alcanzar la fama = rise to + stardom, reach + stardom.

* alcanzar la madurez = come to + maturity, bring to + maturity, achieve + maturity, reach + maturity.

* alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.

* alcanzar la plenitud = come to + full flower.

* alcanzar masa crítica = reach + critical mass, achieve + critical mass.

* alcanzar mayores cotas = rise to + greater heights.

* alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.

* alcanzar popularidad = catch on.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + apogeo = peak.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + fin = reach + Posesivo + end.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento = peak.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento demasiado pronto = peak + too early.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + punto álgido = reach + Posesivo + peak.

* alcanzar proporciones alarmantes = reach + alarming proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones catastróficas = reach + catastrophic proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones de crisis = grow to + crisis proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones desmesuradas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones épicas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones exageradas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar su auge = reach + Posesivo + height.

* alcanzar una conclusión = reach + conclusion, arrive at + conclusion.

* alcanzar una cota = hit + high.

* alcanzar una coyuntura crítica = reach + a critical juncture.

* alcanzar un acuerdo = reach + agreement, reach + compromise, hammer out + agreement.

* alcanzar una decisión = arrive at + decision.

* alcanzar una meta = accomplish + goal, achieve + goal, meet + Posesivo + goal.

* alcanzar una solución = arrive at + a solution.

* alcanzar un compromiso = reach + agreement.

* alcanzar un objetivo = attain + goal.

* alcanzar un precio = fetch + Dinero.

* hasta donde alcance = to the limits of.

* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see.

* intentar alcanzar = reach for.

* no alcanzar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.

* un medio para alcanzar un fin = a means to an end.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < persona> ( llegar a la altura de) to catch up with, to catch... up (BrE); (pillar, agarrar) to catch

lo alcancé en la curva — I caught up with him on the bend

a que no me alcanzas! — I bet you can't catch me! (colloq)

b) (en tarea, estatura) to catch up with

2) ( llegar a) < lugar> to reach, get to; <temperatura/nivel/edad> to reach

a pesar del tráfico alcancé el avión — despite the traffic I managed to catch the plane

casi no alcanzo el tren — I almost missed the train

lo alcancé con un palo — I used a pole to get at it o reach it

estos árboles alcanzan una gran altura — these trees can reach o grow to a great height

alcanza una velocidad de... — it reaches a speed of...

alcanza enormes distancias — it covers vast distances

alcanzar la mayoría de edad — to come of age

3) (conseguir, obtener) <objetivo/éxito> to achieve; < acuerdo> to reach

se pretende alcanzar los 100 millones de pesos — they are hoping to reach a target of 100 million pesos

4) (acercar, pasar)

alcanzarle algo a alguien — to pass somebody something, to pass something to somebody

¿me alcanzas el libro? — could you pass me the book?

5)

a) bala/misil to hit

fue alcanzado por un misil — it was hit by a missile

b) ( afectar) to affect

la medida ha alcanzado a la clase trabajadora — the measure has affected the working classes
2.
alcanzar vi

1) ( llegar)

está muy alto, no alcanzo — it's too high, I can't reach it

hasta donde alcanzaba la vista — as far as the eye could see

alcanzar a + inf — to manage to + inf

no alcanzó a terminar — she didn't manage to finish

hasta donde alcanzo a ver — as far as I can see

2) ( ser suficiente) comida/provisones to be enough

el sueldo no le alcanza — he can't manage on his salary

me alcanzará hasta final de mes — it will see me through to the end of the month

con una limpiadita, alcanza — just a quick clean will do

* * *

= attain, gain, reach, run to, catch up with, reach for.

Ex: A fully comparative account of recommendations for filing orders is likely to prove confusing until the reader has attained some familiarity with the general problems, and the solutions offered by one code.

Ex: To many, therefore, this emphasis on information can provide a much-needed opportunity to gain the public library new influence and respect.

Ex: This is in part due to the different stages of development reached by different libraries.

Ex: Obviously a book on the chemistry of mercury which runs to 200 pages will give less detail than one which runs to 600 pages.

Ex: The information centre is now catching up with the belief of its 1984 architect that it would be an electronic library.

Ex: She said that a man came in with a ski mask on but that she was able to scare him away when she reached for a baseball bat.

* alcanzar a ver = glimpse.

* alcanzar + Cantidad = run into + Cantidad.

* alcanzar cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights.

* alcanzar dimensiones épicas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar el culmen de = reach + the pinnacle of, reach + the height of.

* alcanzar el destino de Uno = reach + Posesivo + destination.

* alcanzar el estrellato = rise to + stardom, reach + stardom.

* alcanzar el límite de = reach + the limits of.

* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + posibilidades = reach + the limits of + Posesivo + potential.

* alcanzar el máximo = reach + a head.

* alcanzar el momento cumbre = reach + summit.

* alcanzar el punto crítico = come to + a head.

* alcanzar el punto culminante = climax.

* alcanzar el punto de ebullición = reach + boiling point.

* alcanzar el punto más álgido = peak, come into + full bloom.

* alcanzar la cifra de = total.

* alcanzar la cumbre de = reach + the pinnacle of, reach + the height of.

* alcanzar la cúspide de = reach + the pinnacle of, reach + the height of.

* alcanzar la fama = rise to + stardom, reach + stardom.

* alcanzar la madurez = come to + maturity, bring to + maturity, achieve + maturity, reach + maturity.

* alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.

* alcanzar la plenitud = come to + full flower.

* alcanzar masa crítica = reach + critical mass, achieve + critical mass.

* alcanzar mayores cotas = rise to + greater heights.

* alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.

* alcanzar popularidad = catch on.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + apogeo = peak.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + fin = reach + Posesivo + end.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento = peak.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento demasiado pronto = peak + too early.

* alcanzar + Posesivo + punto álgido = reach + Posesivo + peak.

* alcanzar proporciones alarmantes = reach + alarming proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones catastróficas = reach + catastrophic proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones de crisis = grow to + crisis proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones desmesuradas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones épicas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar proporciones exageradas = reach + epic proportions.

* alcanzar su auge = reach + Posesivo + height.

* alcanzar una conclusión = reach + conclusion, arrive at + conclusion.

* alcanzar una cota = hit + high.

* alcanzar una coyuntura crítica = reach + a critical juncture.

* alcanzar un acuerdo = reach + agreement, reach + compromise, hammer out + agreement.

* alcanzar una decisión = arrive at + decision.

* alcanzar una meta = accomplish + goal, achieve + goal, meet + Posesivo + goal.

* alcanzar una solución = arrive at + a solution.

* alcanzar un compromiso = reach + agreement.

* alcanzar un objetivo = attain + goal.

* alcanzar un precio = fetch + Dinero.

* hasta donde alcance = to the limits of.

* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see.

* intentar alcanzar = reach for.

* no alcanzar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.

* un medio para alcanzar un fin = a means to an end.

* * *

alcanzar [A4 ]

vt

A

1 ‹persona› (llegar a la altura de) to catch up with, to catch … up ( BrE); (pillar, agarrar) to catch

a este paso no los vamos a alcanzar nunca at this rate we'll never catch up with them o catch them up

¡a que no me alcanzas! bet you can't catch me! ( colloq)

2 (en los estudios, en una tarea) to catch … up, to catch up with; (en estatura) to catch up with

empecé después que tú y ya te alcancé I started after you and I've caught up with you already

¡qué alto está! cualquier día alcanzará a su hermano look how tall he's getting! he'll be catching up with his brother soon!

B

1 ‹lugar› to reach, get to

los bomberos habían logrado alcanzar el segundo piso the firemen had managed to reach o get up to the second floor

a pesar del tráfico alcancé el avión/tren despite the traffic I managed to catch the plane/train

lo alcancé con un palo I used a pole to get at it o reach it

2 ‹temperatura› to reach; ‹edad/pubertad› to reach

el termómetro alcanzó los 40 grados the thermometer got up to o reached o registered 40 degrees

estos árboles alcanzan una gran altura these trees can reach o grow to a great height

algunos lagos alcanzan los 300 metros de profundidad some lakes are as deep as 300 meters o reach depths of 300 meters

un libro donde la estupidez alcanza su máxima expresión a book in which stupidity reaches its peak o which is the ultimate in stupidity

el aire expulsado alcanza una velocidad de 120 km/h the air expelled reaches a speed of 120 kph

el proyectil alcanzaba distancias de casi 1.000 metros the projectile could reach distances of o had a range of almost 1,000 meters

alcanzar la mayoría de edad to come of age, to reach the age of majority

3 (conseguir, obtener) ‹objetivo/resultado› to achieve; ‹acuerdo› to reach; ‹fama/éxito› to achieve

alcanzó todas las metas que se propuso en la vida he achieved all the goals he set himself in life

los resultados alcanzados hasta ahora son excelentes the results achieved o attained up to now have been excellent

los acuerdos alcanzados en materia de desarme the agreements reached in the field of disarmament

se pretende alcanzar una recaudación de 100 millones de pesos they are hoping to take in ( AmE) o ( BrE) take as much as 100 million pesos

los candidatos no alcanzaban el nivel requerido the candidates did not reach o meet the required standard

C (acercar, pasar) alcanzarle algo A algn to pass sb sth, to pass sth TO sb

¿me alcanzas ese libro? could you pass me that book?

D

1 «bala/misil» to hit

el número de barcos alcanzados por misiles the number of ships hit by missiles

2

(afectar): la medida ha alcanzado a la clase trabajadora the measure has affected the working classes

■ alcanzar

vi

A

(llegar): está muy alto, no alcanzo it's too high, I can't reach it

hasta donde alcanzaba la vista as far as the eye could see

alcanzar A + INF to manage to + INF

no alcanzó a terminar she didn't manage to finish

hasta donde alcanzo a ver, la situación no tiene arreglo as far as I can see there's no solution

algo que la mente humana no alcanza a entender something which the human mind cannot comprehend

B

(ser suficiente): el pollo no alcanzará para todos there won't be enough chicken for everyone o to go round

el sueldo no le alcanza he can't manage o get by on his salary

me alcanzará hasta final de mes it will see me through to the end of the month

no me alcanza el papel para envolver el regalo I haven't got enough paper to wrap the present in

con que le des una limpiadita, alcanza if you give it a quick clean, that will do o that will be good enough

* * *

alcanzar ( conjugate alcanzar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹ persona› ( llegar a la altura de) to catch up with, to catch … up (BrE);

(pillar, agarrar) to catch;
◊ lo alcancé en la curva I caught up with him on the bend;

¡a que no me alcanzas! I bet you can't catch me! (colloq)
b) (en tarea, estatura) to catch up with

2 ( llegar a) ‹ lugar› to reach, get to;
‹temperatura/nivel/edad› to reach;
◊ casi no alcanzo el tren I almost missed the train;

estos árboles alcanzan una gran altura these trees can reach o grow to a great height;
alcanzar la mayoría de edad to come of age
3 (conseguir, obtener) ‹objetivo/éxito› to achieve;
‹ acuerdo› to reach
4 (acercar, pasar) alcanzarle algo a algn to pass sb sth, to pass sth to sb
verbo intransitivo
1 ( llegar con la mano) to reach;
◊ hasta donde alcanzaba la vista as far as the eye could see;

alcanzar a hacer algo to manage to do sth
2 ( ser suficiente) [comida/provisones] to be enough;
◊ el sueldo no le alcanza he can't manage on his salary

alcanzar
I verbo transitivo
1 to reach
2 (coger a una persona) to catch up with
3 (llegar hasta una cantidad) to be up to: su biblioteca alcanza los tres mil ejemplares, his library is up to three thousand volumes
4 (acercar algo) to pass: alcánzame una silla, pass me a chair
5 (lograr) to attain, achieve
II vi (ser suficiente) to be sufficient: ese dinero no alcanza para un piso, this money isn't enough to buy a flat
' alcanzar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atinar
- cobrar
- conseguir
- llegar
- situarse
- alargar
- caza
- cumplir
- dar
English:
achieve
- arm-twisting
- attain
- authoritarian
- blossom
- catch up
- come up to
- get at
- last
- means
- reach
- rise
- short
- strike
- catch
- come
- command
- do
- eke out
- elusive
- fulfill
- glimpse
- hit
- level
- manageable
- see
- stretch
- strive

* * *

alcanzar

♦ vt

1. [igualarse con] to catch up with;

si estudias duro, alcanzarás a tu hermana if you study hard you'll catch up with your sister;

¿a que no me alcanzas? bet you can't catch me!;

vayan ustedes delante que ya los alcanzaré you go on ahead, I'll catch you up

2. [llegar a] to reach;
[autobús, tren] to manage to catch;
alcanzar el autobús to catch the bus;

lo alcancé con una escalera I used a ladder to reach it;

los termómetros alcanzarán mañana los 30 grados the temperature tomorrow will reach o go as high as 30 degrees;

alcanzar la mayoría de edad to come of age;

alcanzar la meta to reach the finishing line;

alcanzar un precio alto [en subasta] to sell for o obtain a high price;

alcanzó la costa a nado he swam to the coast;

su sueldo no alcanza el salario mínimo she earns less than the minimum wage;

este coche alcanza los 200 km/h this car can do up to o reach 200 km/h;

el desempleo ha alcanzado un máximo histórico unemployment is at o has reached an all-time high

3. [lograr] to obtain;

alcanzar un objetivo to achieve a goal;

alcanzó su sueño tras años de trabajo after years of work, he achieved his dream;

el equipo alcanzó su segundo campeonato consecutivo the team won o achieved their second championship in a row;

alcanzar la fama/el éxito to achieve fame/success;

alcanzar la madurez to come of age, to reach maturity

4. [entregar] to pass;

alcánzame la sal could you pass me the salt?;

alcánzame ese jarrón, que no llego hasta el estante could you get that vase down for me, I can't reach the shelf

5. [golpear, dar] to hit;

el proyectil alcanzó de lleno el centro de la ciudad the shell exploded right in the centre of the city;

le alcanzaron dos disparos he was hit by two shots;

el árbol fue alcanzado por un rayo the tree was struck by lightning

6. [afectar] to affect;

la epidemia no les alcanzó they were unaffected by the epidemic;

la sequía no alcanza a esta provincia this province has been untouched by the drought

♦ vi

1. [ser suficiente]
alcanzar para algo/alguien to be enough for sth/sb;

el sueldo no me alcanza para llegar a fin de mes my salary isn't enough to make ends meet;

no sé si alcanzará para todos I don't know if there'll be enough for everyone

2. [poder]
alcanzar a hacer algo to manage to do sth;

alcancé a verlo unos segundos I managed to see him for a few seconds;

no alcanzo a comprender por qué I can't begin to understand why;

no alcanzo a ver lo que quieres decir I can't quite see what you mean

3. [llegar]
está tan alto que no alcanzo it's too high for me to reach, it's so high up I can't reach it;

hasta donde alcanza la vista as far as the eye can see;

hasta donde alcanzo a recordar as far back as I can remember

* * *

alcanzar

I v/t a alguien catch up with; lugar reach, get to; en nivel reach; objetivo achieve; cantidad amount to;

alcanzar la cifra de amount to, stand at

II v/i

1 en altura reach

2 en cantidad be enough;

el dinero no alcanza I/we etc can’t afford it

3

:

alcanzar a oír/ver manage to hear/see

* * *

alcanzar {21} vt

1) : to reach

2) : to catch up with

3) lograr: to achieve, to attain

alcanzar vi

1) dar: to suffice, to be enough

2)

alcanzar a : to manage to

* * *

alcanzar vb

1. (en general) to reach

ya alcanza a la estantería she can reach the shelf now

2. (conseguir) to achieve

alcanzó su meta he achieved his goal

3. (pillar) to catch up [pt. & pp. caught]

lo alcancé al final de la calle I caught him up at the end of the street

4. (bastar) to be enough

el pan no alcanza para todos there's not enough bread for everyone

Spanish-English dictionary > alcanzar
14 Chevreul, Michel Eugène

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

b. 31 August 1786 Angers, France

d. 9 April 1889 Paris, France

[br]

French chemist who made significant research contributions to scientific knowledge in the field of colour contrast and standardization and demonstrated the chemical nature of fats.

[br]

Between 1811 and 1823, Chevreul's work on the fundamental basis of fats led to a great improvement in both the quality of wax candles and in the fats used in the manufacture of soap, and this had considerable advantageous implications for domestic life. The publication of his researches provided the first specific account of the nature of the fats used in the manufacture of soap. His work also led to the development and manufacture of the stearine candle. Stearine was first described by Chevreul in 1814 and was produced by heating glycerine with stearic acid. As early as 1825 M.Gay Lussac obtained a patent in England for making candles from a similar substance. The stearine candle was much more satisfactory than earlier products; it was firmer and gave a brighter light without any accompanying odour. Chevreul became Director of Dyeing in 1824 at the Royal Manufactory of Gobelins, the French national tapestry firm. While there, he carried out research into 1,442 different shades of colour. From 1830 he occupied the Chair of Chemistry at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.

[br]

Further Reading

G.Bouchard, 1932, Chevreul (biography).

Albert da Costa, 1962, Michel Eugène Chevreul: Pioneer of Organic Chemistry', Wisconsin: Dept of History, University of Wisconsin.

DY

Biographical history of technology > Chevreul, Michel Eugène
15 Gibson, R.O.

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Synthetic materials

[br]

fl. 1920s–30s

[br]

English chemist who, with E.O.Fawcett, discovered polythene.

[br]

Dr Gibson's work towards the discovery of polythene had its origin in a visit in 1925 to Dr A. Michels of Amsterdam University; the latter had made major advances in techniques for studying chemical reactions at very high pressures. After working with Michels for a time, in 1926 Gibson joined Brunner Mond, one of the companies that went on to form the chemical giant Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). The company supported research into fundamental chemical research that had no immediate commercial application, including the field being cultivated by Michels and Gibson. In 1933 Gibson was joined by another ICI chemist, E.O.Fawcett, who had worked with W.H. Carothers in the USA on polymer chemistry. They were asked to study the effects of high pressure on various reaction systems, including a mixture of benzaldehyde and ethylene. Gibson's notebook for 27 March that year records that after a loss of pressure during which the benzaldehyde was blown out of the reaction tube, a waxy solid was observed in the tube. This is generally recognized as the first recorded observation of polythene. By the following June they had shown that the white, waxy solid was a fairly high molecular weight polymer of ethylene formed at a temperature of 443°K and a pressure of 2,000 bar. However, only small amounts of the material were produced and its significance was not immediately recognized. It was not until two years later that W.P.Perrin and others, also ICI chemists, restarted work on the polymer. They showed that it could be moulded, drawn into threads and cast into tough films. It was a good electrical insulator and almost inert chemically. A British patent for producing polythene was taken out in 1936, and after further development work a production plant began operating in September 1939, just as the Second World War was breaking out. Polythene had arrived in time to make a major contribution to the war effort, for it had the insulating properties required for newly developing work on radar. When peacetime uses became possible, polythene production surged ahead and became the major industry it is today, with a myriad uses in industry and in everyday life.

[br]

Bibliography

1964, The Discovery of Polythene, Royal Institute of Chemistry Lecture Series 1, London.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Gibson, R.O.
16 dziedzin|a

f 1. (sfera) field
- dziedzina nauki/wiedzy/techniki/sztuki/gospodarki/przemysłu a field of science/knowledge/technology/art/economics/industry

- jedno z największych odkryć w dziedzinie medycyny one of the greatest discoveries in the field of medicine

- jaką dziedzinę sportu uprawiasz? what sport are you into pot. a. do you practise?

- miał w tej dziedzinie prawdziwy talent he was really talented in this field

- miał duży zasób wiedzy z różnych dziedzin he was well-versed in many fields

- książka z dziedziny chemii a book on chemistry
2. Mat. domain

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > dziedzin|a
17 в области

•
In the field (or area) of organic chemistry it is often helpful to...

•
The latest development in this line is...

II

•
Not much has been done in the way of actually assessing a technology.

III

•
The flux is uniform over the whole area (or region).

* * *
В области -- in the region, in the area, in the field

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в области
18 научные работники и специалисты в области спектроскопии, аналитической химии, химии растворов и твёрдых тел

Makarov: scientists and specialists in the field of spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, chemistry of solutions and solids

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > научные работники и специалисты в области спектроскопии, аналитической химии, химии растворов и твёрдых тел
19 honour

'onə
1. noun
1) (respect for truth, honesty etc: a man of honour.) honradez

2) ((the keeping or increasing of) a person's, country's etc good reputation: We must fight for the honour of our country.) honor

3) (fame; glory: He won honour on the field of battle.) gloria

4) (respect: This ceremony is being held in honour of those who died in the war.) honor

5) (something which a person feels to be a reason for pride etc: It is a great honour to be asked to address this meeting.) honor

6) (a title, degree etc given to a person as a mark of respect for his services, work, ability etc: He has received many honours for his research into cancer.) distinción, condecoración

7) ((with capital: with His, Your etc) a title of respect used when talking to or about judges, mayors etc: My client wishes to plead guilty, Your Honour.) Su Señoría

2. verb
1) (to show great respect to (a person, thing etc): We should honour the Queen.) honrar

2) (to do, say etc something which is a reason for pride, satisfaction etc to: Will you honour us with your presence at the meeting?) honrar

3) (to give (someone) a title, degree etc as a mark of respect for his ability etc: He was honoured for his work with the mentally handicapped.) condecorar

4) (to fulfil (a promise etc): We'll honour our agreement.) cumplir

•

- honorary
- honourable
- honours
- in honour bound
- honour bound
- on one's honour
- word of honour

honour n honor

it is an honour for me to be invited to the wedding es un honor para mí ser invitado a la boda

in honour of someone en honor de alguien

Se escribe honour en inglés británico, en inglés americano se escribe honor

honour

tr['ɒnə^SMALLr/SMALL]

noun

1 (virtue) honor nombre masculino, honra

■ in honour of en honor de

■ to defend one's honour defender su honra

■ to have the honour of doing something tener el honor de hacer algo

2 (title) Su Señoría

■ Her Honour, His Honour, Your Honour Su Señoría

transitive verb

1 (respect) honrar

2 (cheque) pagar, aceptar; (promise, word, agreement) cumplir

plural noun honours

1 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL honores nombre masculino plural

■ he was buried with full military honours lo enterraron con honores militares

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to do honour to rendir honores a

to do the honours hacer los honores

Honours degree licenciatura

honour (UK)

n.

• blasón s.m.

• condecoración s.f.

• decoro s.m.

• honor s.m.

• honra s.f.

• prez s.f.

• señoría (título) s.f. (UK)

v.

• acatar v.

• encumbrar v.

• estimar v.

• festejar v.

• honrar v.

• laurear v. (A bill, etc.) (UK)

v.

• aceptar (Una factura) v.

etc (BrE) honor etc

= honor (US) ['ɒnǝ(r)]
1. N

1) (=integrity, good name) honor m

a man of honour — un hombre de honor

• to be/feel (in) honour bound to do sth — estar/sentirse moralmente obligado a hacer algo

• it's a matter of honour — es una cuestión de honor

• on my honour! — ¡palabra de honor!

remember, you are on your honour to report any irregularities — recuerde, es su deber moral informar de cualquier irregularidad

• to put sb on his/her honour to do sth — hacer prometer a algn que va a hacer algo

• to have a sense of honour — tener pundonor

• to be an honour to one's profession — ser un orgullo para su profesión

- honour among thieves
debt, word 1., 5)
2) (=distinction, privilege) honor m

it's a great honour for him — es un gran honor para él

I had the honour of meeting him — tuve el honor de conocerlo

may I have the honour (of this dance)? — ¿me concede este baile?

• would you do me the honour of having lunch with me? — ¿me haría el honor de almorzar conmigo?

you do me great honour by accepting — me concede usted un gran honor al aceptar

• to bury sb with full military honours — sepultar a algn con todos los honores militares

- do the honours
guard 3., guest, lap II, 1., 1), maid, roll 1., 3)
3) (=award) (by the state) condecoración f; (in contest) galardón m

4) (=homage) honor m

• to do honour to sb, do sb honour — rendir honores a algn

• in honour of sth/sb — en honor a algo/algn

he will attend a dinner in his honour — asistirá a una cena en su honor

5) (as title)

• His Honour Judge Brodrick — el señor Juez Brodrick

• Your Honour — (to judge) su Señoría, señor Juez; (US) (to mayor) Excelentísimo Señor, su Señoría

6) † (=chastity, virginity) honra f

7) honours
(Brit) (Univ)
• she got first/ second class honours in French — ≈ terminó la carrera de francés con matrícula de honor/con notable

• to take honours in chemistry — ≈ licenciarse en químicas

• to graduate with honours — ≈ licenciarse (con nota)

8) (Bridge)
honours honores mpl
2. VT

1) (=compliment) honrar

I am honoured by your confidence in me — su confianza en mí me honra

I am deeply honoured to be asked — me siento muy honrado de que me lo pidan

I should be honoured if... — sería un honor para mí si...

• honoured guest — invitado(-a) m / f de honor

• to honour sb with one's presence — liter or hum honrar a algn con su presencia

2) (=respect) honrar

thou shalt honour thy father and thy mother — honrarás a tu padre y a tu madre

3) (=pay homage to) rendir homenaje a

4) (=decorate) [the state, authorities] condecorar; (in contest) galardonar

5) (=fulfil) [+ agreement, contract, promise] cumplir, cumplir con

6) (=pay) [+ cheque] aceptar, pagar; [+ debt] liquidar, pagar

3.

CPD

honor guard N — (US) guardia f de honor

honor roll N — (US) cuadro m de honor

honours degree N — (Brit) (Univ) ≈ licenciatura f

she has an honours degree in French — es licenciada en filología francesa

Honours List N — (Brit) lista f de condecoraciones

Birthday Honours List — lista de condecoraciones que otorga el monarca el día de su cumpleaños

New Year Honours List — lista de condecoraciones que otorga el monarca el día de Año Nuevo

See:

see cultural note DEAN'S LIST in dean,

see cultural note DEGREE in degree
HONOURS LIST La Honours List es una lista de personas a las que se considera merecedoras de un reconocimiento especial por su labor, tanto en la vida pública como por servicios prestados a la zona en la que viven. Esta lista es elaborada por el Primer Ministro británico con la aprobación del monarca y se publica dos veces al año, la primera en Año Nuevo - la New Year's Honours List - y la segunda en junio, el día del cumpleaños de la reina -la Queen's Birthday Honours List. En la mayoría de los casos a estas personas se les reconoce su mérito con la concesión del título de miembro de la Orden del Imperio Británico, Member of the Order of the British Empire o MBE, u oficial de la Orden del Imperio Británico Officer of the Order of the British Empire u OBE.
* * *

etc (BrE) honor etc

English-spanish dictionary > honour
20 na

praep. 1. (wskazuje na kontakt z powierzchnią) [znajdować się] on
- na stole/kanapie/krześle on the table/sofa/chair

- na ścianie/drzwiach on the wall/door

- na Ziemi/Księżycu on the Earth/Moon

- na niebie in the sky

- na jeziorze/rzece on the lake/river

- na morzu at sea

- na zdjęciu/obrazie (jako temat) in a photo/picture

- na środku czegoś in the middle a. centre of sth

- na początku/końcu czegoś at the beginning/end of sth

- rana na nodze a wound on a a. in the leg

- mieć na sobie marynarkę/płaszcz to be wearing a jacket/coat

- nosiła pierścionek na małym palcu, a na szyi korale she had a ring on her little finger and beads (a)round her neck

- włóż płaszcz na sweter put your coat on over your sweater
2. (wskazuje na pomieszczenie, miejsce) at, in
- na stadionie at the stadium

- na korytarzu in the corridor

- na ulicy in the street, outside

- na ulicy Klonowej in a. on Klonowa Street

- na dworcu/przystanku autobusowym at the station/bus stop

- na staromiejskim rynku in the Old Town marketplace

- na wschodzie/południu in the East/South

- na Bliskim Wschodzie in the Middle East

- na Ukrainie/Węgrzech in (the) Ukraine/in Hungary

- na Śląsku/Mazowszu in Silesia/Mazovia

- na wyspie/Borneo on an island/in Borneo

- na wsi in the country

- na uniwersytecie at (the) university/in the university

- na wykładzie/przedstawieniu at a lecture/performance

- na górze/dole (wysokość) at the top/bottom; (w budynku) upstairs/downstairs
3. (wskazuje na kierunek) [pójść, prowadzić] to
- na plażę/bagna to the beach/marshes

- na stację/salę operacyjną to the station/the operating theatre

- na Łotwę/Pomorze to Latvia/Pomerania

- na Sycylię/Krym to Sicily/the Crimea

- wyprawa na Mount Everest an expedition to Mount Everest

- wspinać się na Giewont to climb Giewont

- robotnicy wylegli na ulice workers took to the streets

- dostał się na uniwersytet/prawo he entered university a. was admitted to university/he entered the law department

- poszła na zebranie/koncert she went to a meeting/concert

- iść/skręcać na północ/wschód to go/turn north/east

- okna wychodzą na południe/na ogród the windows face south/look onto the garden

- na północ/wschód od czegoś to the north/east of sth

- na górę/dół (wyżej/niżej) up/down; (w budynku) upstairs/downstairs

- patrzeć na kogoś to look at sb

- postawić wazon na stół a. na stole to put a vase on the table

- ładować meble na ciężarówkę to load furniture onto a lorry

- przenosić się z miejsca na miejsce to move from place to place
4. (wskazuje na odcinek czasu) for
- wyjechać na tydzień/dwa dni to go away for a week/two days

- na krótko for a bit a. a short while

- na zawsze forever, for ever

- muszę was na chwilę zostawić I’ll have to leave you for a moment

- ptaki odleciały na zimę the birds have flown off for the winter

- na pół godziny przed odlotem samolotu half an hour before the plane’s departure
5. (wskazuje na termin) przygotuję ten referat na środę I’ll prepare the paper for Wednesday
- miałeś zrobić tłumaczenie na wczoraj you were supposed to finish the translation by yesterday

- przesuńmy zebranie na jutro let’s postpone the meeting till tomorrow

- masz przyjść na drugą/lunch you must come at two/for lunch

- jestem z nim umówiony na siedemnastą/na piątego stycznia I’m seeing him at 5 p.m./on January the fifth
6. (wskazuje na okazję) for
- na tę okazję for the occasion

- sukienka na specjalne okazje a dress for special occasions

- zjeść coś na śniadanie/lunch to have a. eat sth for breakfast/lunch

- kupić komuś prezent na urodziny to buy sb a present for his/her birthday

- zaprosić kogoś na imieniny/wigilię to invite sb to one’s name day party/for Christmas Eve

- pójść na wesele/pogrzeb to go to a wedding/funeral

- pocałować/pomachać komuś na pożegnanie to kiss/wave sb goodbye
7. (z nazwami środków lokomocji) na nartach/rowerze on skis/on a bike
- policjanci na koniach policemen on horseback

- jechać na rowerze to cycle, to ride a bike

- latać na lotni to go hang-gliding

- jeździć na łyżwach/wrotkach to skate a. go skating/to (roller) skate a. go (roller) skating

- chodzić/stać na rękach to walk/stand on one’s hands

- skakać na jednej nodze to hop on one foot

- zjechał na nartach ze zbocza he skied down the slope

- dziecko poruszało się na pupie po całym pokoju the baby shuffled around the room on his/her bottom
8. (wskazujące na podporę) on
- stolik na kółkach a table on a. with wheels

- pantofle na wysokim obcasie highheeled shoes

- pantofle na płaskim obcasie low-heeled shoes, flats US

- fotel/konik na biegunach a rocking chair/horse

- spodnie na szelkach/pasku trousers with braces/with a belt

- prowadzić psa na smyczy to lead a dog on a leash

- leżeć na brzuchu/plecach to lie on one’s stomach/back

- oprzeć się na łokciu/na lasce to lean on one’s elbow/a cane
9. (z nazwami narzędzi, urządzeń, instrumentów) on
- na komputerze/kalkulatorze on a computer/calculator

- pisać na maszynie to type, to write on a typewriter

- uszyć sukienkę na maszynie to machine(-sew) a dress

- grać na skrzypcach/fortepianie to play (on) the violin/piano

- zagrać jakąś melodię na skrzypcach/fortepianie to play a tune on the violin/piano

- robić na drutach to knit
10. (wskazuje na sposób) pranie na sucho dry-cleaning
- jajka na twardo/miękko hard-boiled/soft-boiled eggs

- usmażyć coś na maśle/oleju to fry sth in butter/oil

- ten rosół jest na wołowinie, nie na kurczaku this is beef broth, not chicken broth

- nalewka na wiśniach cherry brandy

- sprzedawać coś na sztuki/tuziny to sell sth by the piece/dozen

- kupić coś na raty to pay for sth by a. in instalments

- pomalować coś na niebiesko/zielono to paint sth blue/green

- ubierać się na biało/czarno to dress in white/black

- „podawać na zimno/gorąco” ‘serve cold/hot’

- zrobiła się na Marylin Monroe pot. she dolled herself up like Marylin Monroe pot.

- (ona) uczy się na piątki she always gets top marks
11. (wskazuje na przeznaczenie) for
- mięso na befsztyki/zupę meat for steak/soup

- butelka na mleko a milk bottle

- materiał na sukienkę dress material

- stojak na buty a shoe rack

- syrop na kaszel cough syrup

- koncert na skrzypce i fortepian a concerto for violin and piano

- dom na sprzedaż a house for sale

- sztućce/stół na cztery osoby cutlery/a table for four (people)

- brała krople na serce she took drops for her heart

- nie mam już miejsca na książki I don’t have any more room for books

- na dokończenie tego mieliśmy tylko dwie godziny we only had two hours to finish it

- nie trać czasu na głupstwa don’t waste time on trifles

- brakuje pieniędzy na zasiłki there’s a shortage of money for benefits
12. (wskazuje na cel) for
- zabrali go do szpitala na operację they took him to hospital for an operation

- poszedł na egzamin he went to take a. went off for his exam

- idę do znajomych na brydża I’m going to my friends to play (some) bridge a. for a game of bridge

- umówmy się na piwo let’s meet for a beer

- muszę pójść na zakupy I have to do some a. go shopping

- na co chcesz pójść (do kina)? what (film) would you like to see?

- wybrać się na grzyby/ryby to go mushroom picking/fishing

- skoczył do wody jemu/jej na ratunek he jumped into the water to save him/her
13. (wskazuje na skutek) to, into
- podarł spodnie na strzępy he tore his trousers to shreds

- wazon rozbił się na kawałki the vase smashed to pieces

- porąbał drewno na kawałki he chopped the wood into pieces

- pokrój mięso na plastry/kawałki cut the meat into slices/chunks

- gips strwardniał na kamień the plaster set as hard as rock

- przerobiła sukienkę na spódnicę she turned the dress into a skirt

- przebudowali piwnicę na sklep they converted the cellar into a shop

- rodzice wychowali go na uczciwego człowieka his parents brought him up to be an honest man
14. (wskazuje na przyczynę) at
- na czyjąś prośbę/zaproszenie at sb’s request/invitation

- na czyjś rozkaz at sb’s order

- na widok kogoś/czegoś at the sight of sb/sth

- na dźwięk dzwonka wyskoczył z wanny at the sound of the bell he jumped out of the bath

- na myśl o tym zrobiło mu się słabo he felt faint at the (very) thought of it

- śledztwo rozpoczęto na wniosek poszkodowanego the investigation was opened at the request of the injured party

- na nasz apel zgłosiło się wielu ochotników many volunteers responded to our appeal

- oskarżeni utrzymują, że strzelali na rozkaz the accused claim that they were ordered to shoot

- chorować na grypę to be ill with flu

- przystanek na żądanie a request stop GB, a flagstop US
15. (w pomiarach, obliczeniach) 100 kilometrów na godzinę a hundred kilometres per a. an hour
- dwa razy na tydzień/rok twice a week/year

- jeden student na dziesięciu one student in ten a. out of ten

- na jedno miejsce było sześciu kandydatów there were six candidates per place

- bieg na 100 metrów the 100 metres sprint

- głęboki/długi na sześć metrów six metres deep/long

- drzwi były otwarte na całą szerokość the door was wide open

- podszedłem do niego na odległość kilku kroków I came to within several steps of him

- poziom wody podniósł się na wysokość pierwszego piętra the level of the water rose up to the first floor

- jak na swoje lata, jest w doskonałej formie he’s in excellent form for his years

- jak na emeryta, ma spore dochody for a pensioner he has quite a large income

- pomidory, jak na krajowe, są znakomite for Polish tomatoes they’re delicious

- suma, jak na owe czasy, ogromna a huge sum for a. in those days a. times

- na ówczesne warunki (for) the way things were at the time; for the conditions prevailing at that time książk.

- na co? what for?

- na co ci ołówek? what do you need a pencil for?

- i na co wam to było? what did you have to do that for?

- na odwal (się) pot. a. na odpieprz (się) posp. [zrobiony, wykonany] any old how pot.

* * *

prep

(+acc) ( kierunek) to

na plażę/wieś — to the beach/country

na Węgry/Kubę — to Hungary/Cuba

wchodzić (wejść perf) na drzewo — to climb a tree

na zachód/północ — west/north, westward(s)/northward(s)

wpadać (wpaść perf) na kogoś — to bump into sb ( okres)

na dwa dni — for two days

na 5 minut przed na — +loc five minutes before... ( termin)

na poniedziałek — for Monday

na czwartą — ( zrobić coś) by four (o'clock); ( przyjść) at four (o'clock) ( okazja)

na śniadanie — for breakfast

na wiosnę — in spring ( sposób)

na sztuki/tuziny — by the piece/the dozen

na czyjś koszt — at sb's expense

na raty — on hire purchase (BRIT) lub installments (US)

jajko na twardo — hard-boiled egg

pranie na sucho — dry cleaning ( przyczyna)

na czyjąś prośbę/zaproszenie — at sb's request/invitation

na czyjś sygnał/życzenie — on sb's signal/wish

chory na grypę — ill lub sick (US) with flu ( miara)

100 km na godzinę — 100 km per hour

dwa razy na tydzień — twice a lub per week

stół na 20 osób — a table for twenty

jeden na dziesięć — one in ten, one out of ten

po trzy na raz — three at a time

szeroki na dwa cale — two inches wide ( rezultat)

kroić (pokroić) (perf) coś na kawałki — to cut sth into pieces

malować (pomalować perf) coś na biało — to paint sth white ( przeznaczenie)

album na znaczki — stamp album

kosz na śmieci — dustbin (BRIT), garbage can (US)

przerwa na kawę — coffee break ( zamiar)

iść na spacer — to go for a walk

jechać na wakacje/wycieczkę — to go on holiday/a trip

iść na wykład/koncert — to go to a lecture/concert ( z przysłówkami)

jeść obiad na stojąco — to eat lunch (while) standing

* * *

na

prep.

+ Loc.

1. ( miejsce) on, at, in ( często nie tłumaczony jako przyimek); na stole on the table; na ścianie on the wall; na górze/na dole up/down; at the top/bottom ( czegoś of sth); (= na piętrze/na parterze) upstairs/downstairs; na ulicy on the street; Br. in the street; na Siódmej Ulicy on Seventh Street; Br. in Seventh Street; na Pennsylvania Avenue pod numerem 10 Br. at 10 Pennsylvania Avenue; na Alasce/Litwie in Alaska/Lithuania; na deszczu (out) in the rain; na dworze (= na zewnątrz) outside, outdoors; na koniu on a horse, on horseback; na korytarzu in the corridor; na palcu/głowie on one's finger/head; mieć mnóstwo spraw na głowie przen. have a lot on one's mind l. shoulders; na początku/końcu czegoś at the beginning/end of sth; na polu in the field; na uniwersytecie/poczcie at the university/post office; na zachodzie in the west.

2. ( sytuacja) gdybym był na twoim miejscu if I were you, if I were in your shoes.

3. (= podczas) at, during, on; na zebraniu/koncercie at a meeting/concert; na wakacjach on vacation; Br. on holiday; na wycieczce on a trip l. excursion; spędzać czas na czytaniu spend one's time reading.

4. ( środek lokomocji) on; jechać na koniu ride (on) a horse; jeździć na nartach ski, go skiing; jeździć na rowerze ride (on) a bicycle, ride a bike.

5. ( ruch lub pozycja ciała) on; chodzić na rękach walk on one's hands; leżeć na boku lie on one's side; na nogach (t. przen. = w dobrej kondycji) on one's feet.

6. ( instrument) on; grać na skrzypcach/fortepianie play the violin/piano; grać melodię na fortepianie play a tune on the piano.

7. ( narzędzie) pisać na maszynie type, typewrite; robić na drutach knit.

8. ( precyzowanie znaczenia rzeczownika) buty na wysokich obcasach high-heeled shoes; ciasto na drożdżach yeast dough; nalewka na wiśniach cherry liqueur; koń na biegunach rocking horse.

9. (po czasownikach l. przymiotnikach) oszczędzać na czymś economize on sth; wprawiać się na czymś cut one's teeth on sth; wychowany na czymś brought up l. raised on sth.

prep.

+ Acc.

1. (kierunek l. cel) to, toward(s), on, upon ( często nie tłumaczony jako przyimek); na Alaskę/Litwę to Alaska/Lithuania; na stolicę (o celu marszu, operacji wojskowej) toward l. on the capital; na górę/na dół up/down; ( po schodach) upstairs/downstairs; na pocztę/dworzec kolejowy to the post office/railroad station; na ulicę (out) into the street; na zachód west, westward(s); wyjść na ulicę (euf. = zacząć uprawiać prostytucję) go on the streets.

2. (po czasownikach l. przymiotnikach) chory na głowę (pot. = szalony) sick in the head, brainsick; chorować l. cierpieć na coś suffer from sth; cieszyć się na coś look forward to sth; krzyczeć na kogoś shout at sb; patrzeć na kogoś/coś look at sb/sth; zanosi się na deszcz it's going to rain; zły na kogoś/coś angry at/with sb/sth.

3. ( stan) postawić kogoś na nogi przen. put sb on their feet (again).

4. ( okres) for; na chwilę for a moment, for a while; na miesiąc for a month.

5. (termin, wyznaczony czas) (dokładnie) na czas (right) on time; obiad będzie na piątą dinner will be (ready) at five; umówić się na środę agree to meet on Wednesday, schedule an appointment for Wednesday; wracam na Wielkanoc I'll be back l. returning for Easter; zrobię to na jutro I'll do it for tomorrow.

6. (napęd, zasilanie) silnik na benzynę gasoline engine; zegar na baterię battery-powered clock.

7. ( przeznaczenie) kosz na śmieci waste-paper basket; materiał na sukienkę dress material; koncert na fortepian muz. piano concerto; skrzynka na listy mailbox; Br. letter-box.

8. ( sposób) with, by; walczyć na miecze fight with swords; kupować na raty buy on installments; kupować/sprzedawać na sztuki buy/sell by the piece.

9. ( miara) 100 kilometrów na godzinę a hundred kilometers an hour/per hour; szeroki na dwa metry two meters wide; raz na rok once a year.

10. (przyczyna, bodziec) on, upon, at, to; co ty na to? what do you say?, what would you say to that?; na żądanie on demand; na czyjąś prośbę/czyjś rozkaz on l. at sb's request/order; na widok kogoś/czegoś at the sight of sb/sth; na wieść o wypadku upon the news of the accident; odpowiedzieć na pytanie answer a question.

11. ( podział) into, in; drzeć coś na kawałki tear sth into l. to pieces; dzielenie włosa na czworo przen. hair-splitting; dzielić/łamać/składać coś na pół divide/break/fold sth in half.

12. ( dzielenie liczb) sto na dziesięć one hundred (divided) by ten.

13. ( wymiary) pięć na dziesięć cali five by ten inches.

14. ( cel) to, for, into; być przyjętym na (Uniwersytet) Yale be accepted at l. by Yale (University); dostać się na wydział chemii get into the chemistry department; iść na przyjęcie/zebranie go to a party/meeting; iść na ryby go fishing; iść na spacer go for a walk; jechać na wycieczkę go on an excursion; wyskoczyć na miasto go out, go into town.

15. ( w utarych zwrotach) na dobitkę to crown it all, to top it (all) off, on top of all that; na domiar złego to make matters worse; na przykład for example, for instance; jak na złość ironically; na zakończenie finally; na złamanie karku at breakneck speed l. pace, helter-skelter.

16. ( w równoważnikach zdań) na pomoc! help!; na koń! mount up!; na zdrowie! ( toast) cheers!; ( odpowiedź na kichnięcie) bless you!

prep.

z przysłówkami, przymiotnikami i wyrazami nieodmiennymi

1. ( z nazwami kolorów) pomalować coś na biało paint sth white.

2. ( okres) for; na długo/krótko for a long/short time; na zawsze forever.

3. ( sposób) na czczo on an empty stomach; na leżąco lying (down), reclining, prone; jajko na twardo hard-boiled egg; na wznak on the back.

4. ( relacje przestrzenne) na zewnątrz (czegoś) outside (sth); na wprost (straight) on l. ahead; (= naprzeciw) opposite; na zachód/lewo ( o położeniu) to the west/left ( od czegoś of sth).

5. ( w utartych zwrotach) wszystko na nic/na próżno (it's) all for nothing/in vain.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > na

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in the field of chemistry

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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in the field of chemistry

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